Flying-machine.



LGJACKSONQ FLYING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 29. 1916.

11. %%7,@85 Patented Nov 2'2, 191?;

WITNESSES e-nacn.

aaeaeee.

speetucafion of Letters Patent.

Patented new. at, tea a.

hpplicatlonflled March 29,3916. deriel 1%. 67,465.

To all whom it may come:

Be it mown that I, Josmm Gas Jnon- SO a citizen of the United States of ill) America, and a resident of the cit of Buffalo, county ofErie', and State of ew York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Flyin -Machines, of which the following is a fuli clear, and exact description.

M invention relates generally to flying machines, and more particularly 'to flying machines which raise themselves and maintain their height in the air by presenting a small angle of incidence to the air by means of one or more aeroplanes, and one which is propelled forward either by force of gravity, as in soaring, or by means of a mechanically driven propeller, or otherwise.

The general object of my invention has been to provide a flying machine in which I shall make use of certain principles ofphysics and the law of gravitation in such a manner that my machine will keep its poise, balance and equilibrium while in the air without the aid of weights, gyroscope, ailerons orother mechanical devices, even in the face of unfavorable weather conditions. r flneobject has been to provide an aeroplane which will not dive or skid, and to so construct it that if by any chance it should turn turtle, or assume any other unintended position, while in the air, it will immediately right itself and automatically assume its natural and intended upright position without the aid of any mec anical devices or manually controlled means.

Moreover, my device does not depend upon ailerons for its lateral stability, nor on an elevator for its frontal stability, nor on any other mechanically controlled device or devices, thus enabling the aviator to make any short, shar or dangerous turn or other maneuver in sa et so far as the equilibrium is concerned and without danger of diving or sln'dding.

Furthermore, my device is so constructed that when it descends or settles toward the earth, it will move in a perpendicular line without moving in any other direction, thus making it absolutely safe, so far as the equilibrium is concerned.

The above objects and advanta es have been accomplished by the device s own in 'Of this application. In the dr forming a part awings the accompanying dra g Figure 1 is a perspective view of my devlce.

Fig. 2 is a sectional view through the planes, taken .on line 2-2 of hig. l.

Fig. 3 is a likesectional view taken on line 33 of Fig. 1.

My device comprises a tail part 5 and a body part 6. The tail part 5 is composed of three tapering-planes, comprising a vertical plane 7 and two diverging planes 8 and 9, which are preferably arranged equidistant around a common line '10 where they are joined together. The upperedge 11 of the vertical plane 7 is inclined at an angle to the edge 12 thereof and meets and joins this edge at the forward end of the tail part 5. Diverging planes 8 and 9 are arranged preferably at the same angle to each other as the angle they assume with the vertical plane 7, and each is tapered from its rear and toward a common point at its front end'and is joined to the upper edge of the vertical plane 7 at the line 10. The planes 7, 8 and 9 are preferably braced and tied together by guy ropes 13.

he body part6 of my machine comprises preferably two body planes 14 and 15, which are joined at their lower edges and meet along the line 16, which is parallel and coincident with the lower edge 12 of the plane 7 of the tail member of my device. Above the planes 14: and 15 is preferably arranged a horizontal plane 17, which is set some distance above the upper edges 18 of the body planes 14 and 15 and preferably supported by osts 19. 2 re resents the hood which contains the engine. or propelling the machine, and 21 is the cockpit. 22 represents the control 1evers, contained within the cockpit 21 and within easy reach. 23 is the pro eller of my device, which is arranged at t e front end of the engine hood 20. My device is provided at its front end with two wheels 24, which are suitably supported and braced beneath the body part 6. A skid 25 is secured between the wheels 24.

Secured to the rear edge of the vertical plane 7 is a downwardly extending skid 26.

- Secured immediately above the skid 26 is the rudder 27 of my device. This rudder is suitably connected with one of the control levers 22. Arranged at the upper rear tips .of the diverging planes 8 and 9 is the elevator .28 of my device, which is also connected with one of the control levers by any suitable means.

It is well known that any object when pushed or pulled will naturally assume a position in which it offers the least resist-- ance to the force pushing or pullingit. In the case of an aeroplane in the air, gravitation is the dominating force which pulls it toward the earth. In my machine the planes 8, 9, 14 and 15 being turned upwardly at an angle and coming together so as-to form a 15 sume its upright or intended position wh le in the air, as it offers the least res1stance 1 n that osition, and it remains'm that position ecause the law of gravitation is con-' tinuous. Inasmuch as the line 16, on which the body planes 14 and 15 meet and join, is parallel and coincident with the lower edge of the vertical plane 7, the body planes 14 and 15 offer a different angle of incidence to the air than the lanes 8 and 9, and this gives frontal stability and equilibrium, the

same as the lateral stabilit which is secured by the angles formed etween the diverging planes 8 and 9 and vertical plane 7.

It will thus be seen that my flying machme will always remain in its u ri ht andintended position and its equil-lbrlum assured despite unfavorable weather conditions or.

other forces which would tend to move it from its intended position. I i

In making a short turn at high speed with the ordinary aeroplane, it is necessary that the aviator make the inner side of lns fiub chine tip, which, though a dan erous opera- 40 tion, somewhat prevents skid ing by presentmg a larger area of the planes to the air.

When making a short turn with my device, it willbe seen that the planes bank themselves against the air and resent a 'very large plane surface to resist s 'dding.

My planes are so roportioned that the surface resented to t e air by the vertical plane 7 is equal to the combined projected surfaces presented laterall to the air by 8, or body plane 15 and diver g p ane 9.

i By this construction, when ma g a short the planes 14 and 15 will be increased so that they will present a greater area to the air and thus make up for the carrying surface of the horizontal plane 17. These and wedge, cause the machine to naturally aseither the body plane 14 an divergin plane other modifications 'of the details herein shown and described'may be made without departing from the spirlt of my invention or the scope of the appended claims, and I do not wish to be limited to the exact embodiment herein shown and described.

Having thus described my invention, what I cla'nnis:

1. A flying machine comprisin a tail portion and a body portion, said tai portion comprising a vertical plane and two diverging planes, said planes being arranged around a common line, and extending substantially throughout the length of the machine and tapering throughout their length from a common point near the front of the machine to the rear thereof, said body portion comprising two body planes which are joined together at their lower edges and disposed about the forward end of said tail portion.

2. A flying machine comprising a. tail portion and a body portion, said tail portion. comprising a vertical plane and two diverging planes, said planes arranged around a common line, said body portion comprising two body planes which are joined together at their lower edges and disposed about the forward end of said tail portion, said body planes meeting and joining in a line which is coincident with the lower-edge of said vertical plane, whereby frontal stability and equilibrium are maintained. 3. A flying machine comprising a tail portion and a body portion, said' tail portion comprising a vertical plane and two diverging planes, said planes arranged around a common line, said body portion compris ing two body planes, said vertical plane havmg substantially the same area as the combined laterally projected areas of the body plane and the diverging plane on either side of the machine, whereby skidding is prevented and equilibrium is assured.

4. A flying machine comprising a tail portion and a body'portion, 'said tail portion comprising a vertical plane and two diverging planes, said planes arranged around a common line, said body portion comprising two body planes which are joined together at their lower edges and disposed about the forward end of said tail portion, said body planes meeting and joinm in a line which is parallel to and coinci cut with the lower edge of said vertical plane, a rudder secured to the rear end of the vertical plane, an elevator secured to the rearward tips of said diverging planes and means for controlling said rudder and said elevator.

5. A flying machine comprising a tail portion and a body portion, said tail portion comprising a vertical plane and two diverging planes, said planes being arranged around a common line, said body portion comprising two body planes, said memes vertical plane having substantially the same area as the combined laterally projected areas of the body plane and-the diverging plane on either side of the machine, a rudder secured to the rear end of the vertical plane, an elevator secured to the rearward tips of said diverging planes, and means for controlling said rudder and said elevator.

6. A flying machine comprising a tail portion and a body portion, said tail portion comprising a vertical plane and two diverging planes, said planes arranged around a common line, said body portion comprising two body planes, which are joined together at their lower edges and disposed about the forward end of said tail portion, vertically extending posts secured to the upper corners of the body planes, and a horizontal plane disposed above the body planes and secured to the upper ends of the posts, whereby equilibrium is assured by providing a space between the body planes and the horizontal plane. 7

7. A flying machine comprising a tail portion and a body portion, said tail por-- tion comprising a vertical plane and two -diverging planes, said planes arranged around a common line, and tapering from a common point near the front ofrthe machine and extending throughout the length of the machine and to the rear thereof, said I body portion comprising two body planes,

said vertical plane having substantially the same area as the combined laterally projected areas of the body plane and thediverging plane onieither side of the machine,

whereby skidding is prevented and equilibrium is assured,

8. A flying machine comprising a tail portion and a body portion, said tail portion comprising a vertical plane and two diverging planes, said planes arranged around a common line, said body portion comprising two body planes, said vertical plane having substantially the same area as the combined laterally projected areas of the body plane and the diverging plane on either side of the machine, ing posts secured to-the upper corners of the body planes, and a horizontal plane disposed above the body planes and secured to the upper ends of the posts.

9. A flying machine comprising a tail portion and a body portion, said tail portion comprising a vertical plane and two diverging planes, said planes being arranged around a common line, said body portion comprising two body planes, said vertical plane having substantially the same area as the combined laterally projected areas of the body plane and the diverging plane on each side of the machine, said body planes being joined together at their lower edges in a with the lower edge of said vertical plane.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto signed my name in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

. J OSHUA GASKILL JACKSON.

Witnesses:

J. WM. ELLIS, WALTER H. Y.

vertically extendline which is coincident 

